导航新的CECL (ASC 326)标准

2023年11月21日 - 会计 standard ASC 326 (also known as CECL) is meant to increase balance sheet transparency and requires entities to recognize estimated credit losses expected to occur over the remaining life of many financial assets. It is important for entities to understand how the new standard may affect them and how to get in compliance. 

In June 2016, the Financial 会计 Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments，通常被称为 CECL. 同时, FASB had delayed effective dates for the CECL standard since its creation, it is now effective for private companies with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022.

The new guidance significantly impacts banks and other financial institutions, but it does apply to other entities that have the following assets:

• 应收贸易帐款
• 合同资产
• Notes /应收贷款
• 持有至到期债务证券
• 现金等价物
• Sales-type of Direct Financing Lease Receivables

新的CECL模式的目的是什么?

CECL模型 aims to provide financial statement users with more insightful information about expected credit losses in financial reporting. Under current Generally Accepted 会计 Principals in the United States of America (US GAAP) entities utilize the incurred loss model, which delays the recognition of credit losses until they become probable, 这是典型的, 资产建立后记录. CECL模型, 另一方面, requires entities to account for losses when losses are expected, 这是典型的, 资产最初记录的时间.

这对我的公司意味着什么?

Under the CECL model companies are required to estimate expected credit losses. The model requires that a company base its estimates on historical loss experience with similar assets and current conditions which exists in the current US GAAP model. CECL模型 adds a new wrinkle and requires the use of reasonable and supportable forward-looking information that impacts the expected collectability of the reported amount of the financial assets.

CECL模型 also requires an evaluation on a collective (pooling) basis of assets with similar risk characteristics (e.g.、类型、大小、期限、地理区域、年龄等.). 当前的 US GAAP does not prohibit pooling, but it does not explicitly require it either. Pooling can be based on any one or combination of risk characteristics. The model does not require a specific methodology to measure an allowance for expected credit losses and an entity may use aging schedule analysis, 贴现现金流量, 损失率的方法, 违约概率法, rate-roll方法, 或者回归分析.

Are there any exceptions to using the CECL model?

Under the CECL model there are notable exceptions as follows:

• Loans and receivables between entities under common control as well as loans and receivables to the controlling shareholders
• 非营利性实体的应收质押.
• Loans receivable from participants on an employee benefit plan

新的CECL模式何时生效?

The Standard is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2022. For calendar year financial reporting entities that would be an effective date of January 1, 2023.

是否有规定的过渡方法?

CECL模型 allows for a modified retrospective approach that allows for a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the date of adoption.

接下来我该做什么?

Start with determining appropriate risk pools of your financial assets on the adoption date. 然后检查历史损失率, 最新经济资讯, and determine the use of reasonable and supportable forward-looking information to determine if the allowance for credit losses is appropriate at the adoption date.

例子:

ABC公司, a supplier of various proprietary inks used in the printing industry, is implementing CECL and in doing so is performing a look back at historic loss rates based on its aging pools of Trade AR as of the date of adoption. Trade AR is the only financial asset that falls under the guidance provided in the new standard. 该公司查看了现有的损失率, 考虑历史和当前信息, and then applied various forward-looking information that is reasonable and supportable in determining expected credit losses under the CECL model as follows:

ABC公司 under the standard would record a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on the adoption date as follows:

如果我还有问题怎么办? 

Adopting new accounting standards and changing long time processes are not always easy or desirable activities for a company. 如果你需要帮助, we recommend you work with your trusted accounting advisor to help you implement and get in compliance with the new standard.  如果你还有问题，可以 在这里联系Redpath顾问 and someone will reach out to discuss your specific situation and unique needs.